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{"id":650,"date":"2016-07-26T09:46:36","date_gmt":"2016-07-26T07:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.schwarzwaldwestweg.com\/?p=650"},"modified":"2016-07-26T09:46:36","modified_gmt":"2016-07-26T07:46:36","slug":"krankheiten-und-gefahren-im-wald","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.schwarzwaldwestweg.com\/krankheiten-und-gefahren-im-wald\/","title":{"rendered":"Krankheiten und Gefahren im Wald"},"content":{"rendered":"

Servus Leute,<\/p>\n

leider gibt es in der Natur auch einige Gefahren auf die man sich – soweit m\u00f6glich – vorbereiten sollte. Diesem Themenschwerpunkt will ich meinen heutigen Beitrag widmen.<\/p>\n

Zecken<\/h4>\n

Die Zecke ist wohl das gef\u00e4hrlichste Wildtier, welches wir noch in unseren W\u00e4ldern haben. B\u00e4ren gibt es nicht, oder werden als „Problemb\u00e4ren“ schnell erlegt, W\u00f6lfe kommen zwar wieder, sind aber noch nicht sehr zahlreich und (derzeit noch?) sehr scheu, Wildkatze und Luchs genauso selten.<\/p>\n

Zecken sind deutschlandweit verbreitet, aber \u00fcbertragen\u00a0vor allem in S\u00fcddeutschland die beiden Haupterkrankungen FSME und Borreliose (bei FSME deutlicher ausgepr\u00e4gt). Allerdings nehmen die F\u00e4lle von Erkrankungen auch in Mittel- und Norddeutschland zu, ein Zusammenhang mit der Klimaerw\u00e4rmung wird vermutet.<\/p>\n

Zecken sind eine Ordnung der Milben und geh\u00f6ren zu den Spinnentieren (daher auch acht Beine und nicht sechs, wie bei Insekten). Sie alle sind blutsaugende Parasiten, die sich an verschiedene Wirbeltiere h\u00e4ngen, durch die Haut\u00a0bei\u00dfen (der Fachmann spricht allerdings vom „Stich“)\u00a0und von deren Blut ern\u00e4hren. Das Problem sind eigentlich gar nicht die Zecken selbst, sondern die Krankheiten, die sie \u00fcbertragen.\u00a0Die Schildzecke\u00a0„Gemeiner Holzbock“ (Ixodes ricinus<\/i>) ist dabei die deutsche Zeckenart, die am h\u00e4ufigsten Menschen bef\u00e4llt.<\/p>\n

Durstig sind vor allem die Weibchen, deren K\u00f6rper w\u00e4hrend des Saugvorgangs – je nach Art – auf das bis zu zwanzigfache des urspr\u00fcnglichen Volumens anschwellen kann (weibl. Schildzecken).<\/p>\n

Bei Biss (oder Stich) gibt die Zecke Speichel ab, der eine Mischung zahlreicher Proteine enth\u00e4lt, die einerseits die Blutgerinnung unterbinden und au\u00dferdem Schmerzreize und Entz\u00fcndungsreaktionen unterbinden. Leider kann der abgegebene Speichel\u00a0Bakterien, Viren und andere Krankheitserreger enthalten, was den Stich so gef\u00e4hrlich macht.<\/p>\n

Unter den Zeckenarten gibt es prinzipiell zwei Strategien der Wirtsfindung:<\/p>\n